Parts Used In Completed Solar PV system......

A Solar PV System:

A Solar PV System may comprise of may parts and those parts may comprise of some more parts.

First we are going know what are the major key components of the system which makes it to convert solar energy into useful electrical energy.

 

COMPONENTS:

Photovoltaic Panels.

Solar Inverts.

PV Mounting Structure.

Batteries.

 

Photovoltaic Panels:

This part is THE most important part of the system. Panels are the parts which absorbs solar energy from the sun and converts into electrical energy right away at the panel junction box. Lets talk about how these solar panels convert energy of sun into useable electrical energy. Solar panels comprise of may small solar cells which are made from silicon. A solar cell is a solid state electrical device converts the sun light into electrical energy by photovoltaic effect. These solar cells can be made up from many type of substances. The major cells which we generally use are made up of silicon. Let me give you a brief on type of substances solar cells.

1. Amorphous Silicon solar cell (a-Si)
2. Bio-hybrid solar cell
3. Buried contact solar cell
4. Cadmium telluride solar cell (CdTe)
5. Concentrated PV cell (CVP and HCVP)
6. Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells (CI(G)S)
7. Crystalline silicon solar cell (c-Si)
8. Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC)
9. Gallium arsenide germanium solar cell (GaAs)
10. Hybrid solar cell
11. Luminescent solar concentrator cell (LSC)
12. Micro-morph (tandem-cell using a-Si/μc-Si)
13. Mono-crystalline solar cell (mono-Si)
14. Multi-junction solar cell (MJ)
15. Nano-crystal solar cell
16. Organic solar cell (OPV)
17. Perovskite solar cell
18. Photo-electrochemical cell (PEC)
19. Plasmonic solar cell
20. Plastic solar cell
21. Polycrystalline solar cell (multi-Si)
22. Polymer solar cell
23. Quantum dot solar cell
24. Solid-state solar cell
25. Thin film solar cell (TFSC)
26. Wafer solar cell,  

 

These are the solar cell that can be used in solar panels. The solar cells which are widely used in the market or by companies or by individual are:

Poly- Crystalline.

Mono- Crystalline.

Amorphous.

Thin Film.

 

Poly-Crystalline:

 It is also called polysilicon or poly-Si, is a high purity, polycrystalline form of silicon, used as a raw material by the solar photovoltaic and electronics industry. These cells are effectively a slice cut from a block of silicon, consisting of a large number of crystals. They have a speckled reflective appearance and again you can you see the thickness of the slice. These cells are slightly less efficient and slightly less expensive than mono-crystalline cells and again need to be mounted in a rigid frame.

Mono- Crystalline:

These cells are cut from a single crystal of silicon- they are effectively a slice from a crystal.
In appearance, it will have a smooth texture and you will be able to see the thickness of the slice. These are the most efficient and the most expensive to produce. They are also rigid and must be mounted in a rigid frame to protect them.

Amorphous:

These cells are manufactured by placing a thin film of amorphous (non crystalline) silicon onto a wide choice of surfaces. These are the least efficient and least expensive to produce of the three types. Due to the amorphous nature of the thin layer, it is flexible, and if manufactured on a flexible surface, the whole solar panel can be flexible.One characteristic of amorphous solar cells is that their power output reduces over time, particularly during the first few months, after which time they are basically stable. The quoted output of an amorphous panel should be that produced after this stabilization.

Thin Film:
A thin-film solar cell, also called a thin-film photovoltaic cell, is a second generation solar cell that is made by depositing one or more thin layers, or thin film of photovoltaic material on a substrate, such as glass, plastic or metal.Thin-film has always been cheaper but less efficient than conventional c-Si technology. However, they significantly improved over the years, and lab cell efficiency for CdTe and CIGS are now beyond 21 percent, outperforming multi-crystalline silicon, the dominant material currently used in most solar PV systems.

Lets Talk About Photovoltaic Effect:
The photovoltaic effect is the creation of voltage or electric current in a material upon exposure to light and is a physical and chemical phenomenon. The standard and obvious photovoltaic effect is directly related to the photoelectric effect, though they are different processes. When the sunlight or any other light is incident upon a material surface, the electrons present in the valence band absorb energy and, being excited, jump to the conduction band and become free. The chemical bonds of the material are vital for the process to work, as crystallized atoms are ionized and creates a chemical electric imbalance, driving the electrons. These highly excited, non-thermal electrons diffuse, and some reach a junction where they are accelerated into a different material by a built-in potential (Galvani potential). This generates an electromotive force, and thus some of the light energy is converted into electric energy.